Stock removing slice for paper making machine and method of making paper



Oct. 25, 1966 B. w. ATTWOOD 3,281,313

STOCK REMOVING SLICE FOR PAPER MAKING MACHINE AND METHOD OF MAKING PAPERFlled Aug 6 1963 2 Sheets-Sheet l Biz a0 Oct. 25, 1966 w, -rwoo3,281,313

, B. STOCK REMOVING SLICE FOR PAPER MAKING MACHINE AND METHOD OF MAKINGPAPER Filed Aug. 6, 1963 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. Bria/7 M'Z/("am flzzwooo.

3,281,313 STUCK REMQVING SHOE FOR PAPER MAKING MAQHINE AND METHOD OFMAKING PAPER Brian William Attwood, Hanharn, near Bristol, England,assignor to St. Annes Board Mill Company Limited, Bristol,England, acorporation of England Filed Aug. 6, 1963, Ser. No. 300,215 Claimspriority, application Great Britain, Jan. 30, 1963, 3,744/ 63 7 Qlaims.(Cl. 162-203) This invention relates to an endless web forming machinesuch as a paper or paperboard making machine and to a method of makingan endless web of felted fibers. More particularly, the inventionrelates to a machine and method for making an integral felted-fiber webof the desired thickness and of improved formation characteristics suchthat the web has a more uniform, high-strength upper and lower surfaceyet is free from any tendency to delaminate.

In recent years, machines have been developed for the manufacture ofpaper or board products in which the stock, as it flows along with thetraveling forming wire, is led into a gap where it is de-watered bybeing squeezed between the main forming wire and a lower converging runof an upper forming wire. At one or more points further downstream ofthe first such squeezing operation, one or more stock feed boxes arelocated to provide additional stock for felting and bonding with theinitially at least partly formed stock layer by similar de-wateringsteps also accomplished by squeezing the layer of stock between the mainforming wire and a lower converging run of an upper forming wire.Machines and methods of this general type for making endless webs offelted fibers are more particularly disclosed and claimed in patentsowned by the assignee of the present application.

When running machines of the above general kind, it is normal practiceto deliver more stock than that required to form a web of predeterminedbasis weight, and some difficulties have arisen, particularly when themachines are run at low speeds, because the'surplus stock suppliedbuilds up in advance of the stock-filled gap, more especially after thesecond stock feed box and subsequent sets of cooperating active runs ofthe main forming wire and of the upper forming wire between which thede-watering of the stock is effected by the squeezing operation referredto above. There is a tendency of the ponds, if allowed to build upbeyond a predetermined optimum height, to cause poor sheet formation,possibly due to a slowing up of some of the stock in the pond in itsflow toward the stock-filled gap marking the start of the stocksqueezing operation between the cooperating wire runs. In some cases,there is even a backing up of the stock pond toward the stock inlet andthis may result in agglomeration of the stock due to stagnant portionsin the pond, with the result that a wild formation of paper, orpaperboard, is obtained. Such stagnant areas in the pond have actuallybeen observed during periods of operation of the machine when poor sheetformation was also being obtained.

Attempts to increase basis weight or thickness of the final paperboardby forcing more stock on to the machine usually result in objectionablepond formation with attendant poorer sheet formation.

My present invention greatly reduces and even eliminates in manyinstances the troublesome result just noted. This is accomplished byremoving excess stock from the pond, or ponds, so as to limit the heightof the pond to the optimum height of stock on the main forming wire thatcan be accommodated by the gap that marks the entrance of the stock tothe zone where it is squeezed between cooperating active runs of theforming wires and the del nited States Patent 3,28 l ,3 l 3 PatentedGet. 25, 1966 "ice watering occurs. The excess of stock in the pond,over and above the optimum height, may be removed or such excess may beprevented in various ways, as by means of devices having stock-divertingopenings, mouths, or barriers positioned in the ponds at the properlevel, so that stock above such proper level is diverted and removed andthe level is maintained at the optimum point for efficient operation ofthe machine. Not only is the formation of the finished paper orpaperboard greatly improved by these means, but a given board makingmachine employing such means can be operated to give paperboard ofhigher basis weight and/ or of greater thickness than had heretoforebeen possible. These improved results can be attained with the use ofvarious stock furnishes and various consistencies of stock notsatisfactorily usable on board making machines of the general typeherein referred to when not equipped with the stock-removal means of mypresent invention.

It is therefore an important object of this invention to provide animproved endless felted web making machine that is capable of producingpaper and paperboard products having improved properties andcharacteristics not heretofore attainable when similar machines, but notembodying the principles of my present invention, are operated undercomparable conditions of speed, composition of stock furnish andconsistency of stock.

It is a further important object of this invention to provide meanswhereby endless web making machines of the type herein described arerendered more efficient in their operation at slower speeds than theywere initially designed for, and whereby the increased flexibility as tomachine operating conditions is accompanied by superior results withrespect to the formation of the sheet, the surface characteristics ofthe sheet, its strength and other properties.

It is a further important object of this invention to provide a methodfor making paper and paperboard products whereby forming stocks ofvarying furnishes and consistencies may be efiiciently utilized in themaking of paper and paperboard having improved formation characteristicswithin a wider range of basis weights than heretofore was possible.

Other and further important objects of this invention will becomeapparent from the following specification and the appended drawings,wherein a preferred embodiment of my invention is illustrated, andwherein:

FIGURE 1 is a fragmentary, diagrammatic view, illustrating the wet end,or web-forming section, of a machine embodying the principles of myinvention and useful for manufacturing a two-ply board;

FIGURE 2 is an enlarged, fragmentary view, partly in side elevation andpartly in section, of the preferred embodiment of my inventionillustrated diagrammatically in FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 3 is a fragmentary, side elevational view of a second embodimentof my invention;

FIGURE 4 is a fragmentary, side elevational view of a third embodimentof my invention;

FIGURE 5 is a broken, front elevational view taken substantially alongthe lines VV of FIGURE 2;

FIGURE 6 is a fragmentary, side elevational view of a fourth embodimentof my invention; and

FIGURE 7 is a broken, top plan view of the stockdiver-ting device ofFIGURE 6.

As shown on the drawings:

The reference numeral 10 indicates generally a stock flow box, or headbox, from which stock is fed onto a main forming wire 11 in a flowing,open top stream, or layer, indicated by the reference character 12. Saidmain forming wire 11 extends as an endless loop between a breast roll 13at the feed end and a couch roll 14 at the delivery end of theweb-forming section of the machine.

Said wire 11, as is usual in Fourdrinier type machines, is in the formof an endless band or loop, with its upper run 11a supported by aplurality of rollers between the breast roll 13 and the couch roll 14.Thus, at the position where the stock is still fluid, there are a numberof relatively small diameter table rolls 15, while at other positionsthe wire 11 is supported 'by larger rollers 80. These rollers 80 permitpressure to be applied to the partly formed web as it is carried alongabove them, for instance, by upper rollers 17. Guide and tension rollers16 cooperate with the lower run 116 of said wire in a conventionalmanner.

A second head box a is positioned downstream from the head box 10 forsupplying additonal stock, indicated by the reference numeral 12a, ontothe active upper run 11a of the forming wire.

An upper forming wire, indicated generally by the reference numeral 21,is positioned downstream from the head box 10 in cooperativerelationship with the first set of rollers 15, 80. Said upper, or topforming wire, 21, is also in the form of an endless loop, with its loweractive run 21a extending from a roll 22, which may be either a permeableor impermeable roll, positioned in fairly closely spaced relationship tothe feed box 10, and a second roll 23 located downstream from said roll22. The upper return run 2112 of the top wire 21 is trained over andunder a plurality of supporting and guiding rolls 24.

A second top wire, indicated generally by the reference numeral 25, inall respects similar to the top wire 21, serves a similar function withrespect to a second section of the main forming Wire 11 and rolls a, 17aand 80a. The lower run 25a of said second top wire 25 extends between aroll 26, spaced in fairly close relationship to the second head box1011, and a second roll 27 mounted downstream above and in substantialalignment with the couch roll 14.

With reference to the first section of the main forming wire whichinclude the first head box 10, it should be noted that the roll 22 ismounted in slightly spaced relation to and above the active upper run11a of the main forming wire 11, and above an unsupported portion ofsaid run 11a lying between a pair of spaced table rolls 15. Thus, thelower or active run 2111 of the top forming wire 21 provides a gap,indicated at G, between said active runs 11a and 21a of the respectivemain and top forming wires. The gap G is preferably of very low height(e.g. 1"), but it varies from gap to gap, that is to say, according asto whether it controls the first layer of stock or a subsequent layerand according to the consistency of the stock being fed. The height ofthe gap G has been exaggerated in the drawings for purposes of clarity.The pond of stock 12, previously referred to, forms ahead of the mouthof said gap G and flows into the gap to fill the same and to fill thespace of gradually decreasing height between the converging portions ofthe active runs 21a and 11a of the top and main forming wires. Saidconverging portions are brought itno a state of convergency, except forthe layer of stock therebetween, by a de-watering device, indicatedgenerally by the reference numeral 30, which will be more fullydescribed in connection with FIGURE 2. By means of the dewatering device30, the water and such fine fibers as can pass through the meshes of theactive run 21a of the top forming wire 21 are removed upwardly fromabove the upper surface of said active portion 21a. The pressure of thede-watering device 30, which presses on an unsupported section of thewires 21 and 11, is such that a major portion of water is removed fromthe stock. In fact, immediately the web passes downstream from beneaththe edge 52 the web is formed to the extent that the fibers assume astructural relationship to one another that thereafter remainssubstantially unaltered. The resulting Web thereafter is squeezedbetween the upper and lower sets of rolls 17 and 80. Preferably, saidrolls 17 are permeable, as is also the roll 22.

With particular reference to the second functional grouping thatincludes the second flow box 10a, it will be noted that this arrangementis closely similar to that already described. There is a secondde-watering device, indicated generally by the reference numeral 30a,for effecting a dewatering of the stock flowing from the pond 12a intothe converging gap between the main forming wire active run 11a and theactive run 25a of the top forming wire 25. As the active run 1111 of themain forming wire moves beyond the roll 23, it carries on its uppersurface a web W. Such web, as a result of the first de-wateringoperation at the device 30 and the pressure of the rolls 17, 80, has afiber content of the order of 15% by weight on a bone dry basis and iscomposed of fibers that have become interfelted or interlocked insubstantially the same way and to substantially the same extent that thefibers are interfelted and interlocked in the final sheet when dried.Consequently, as the fresh supply of stock, indicated at 12a, flows fromthe second head box 10a, such fresh supply of stock flows on top of thealready partially formed web W, with the result that drainage of thewater downwardly through the active run 11a of the main forming wire 11is greatly slowed down. It is largely because of this that the freshflow of stock 12:: tends to build up into a pond in advance of the nextde-watering stage that begins at the gap G-1 and extends to the secondde-watering device 30a. It is at this point that the stock removal meansof my present invention finds particular application for solving theproblems that otherwise arise for the reasons previously indicated.

As best shown in FIGURE 2, the preferred embodiment of the stock removaldevice of my present invention, represented generally by the referencenumeral 40, includes a suction conduit 41 that extends transversely andabove the active run 11a of the main forming wire 11. Said conduit 41may be suitably supported at its ends, as by means of brackets 42attached to a wall of the head box 1011 from hangers 43 dependentlycarried by said brackets 42 and vertically adjustable with respectthereto. For this purpose, each of the hangers 43 may have a threadedshank 44 in threaded engagement with an internally threaded bore 45 ineach bracket 42. Horizontal adjustment of the conduit 41 may also beprovided by forming each of said brackets 4-2 of a plurality ofrelatively extensible slotted portions that can be clamped by means of awing nut and bolt 45a in the desired extended position. A source ofsuction (not shown) is connected at one or both ends of the conduit 41by means of a pipe, or pipes 46. As illustrated, the conduit 41 has atransversely extending and slightly downwardly inclined extension 47terminating in a lower opening, or mouth, as at 48, defined by edgeswhich lie substantially in a horizontal plane when the conduit is in itsadjusted position. The extension 47 may suitably comprise a pair ofrelatively closely spaced plane walls with the lower of the Walls comingoff tangentially from the generally cylindrical conduit 41 and defininga stock-removal passageway into the interior of said conduit 41.

The open layer of stock indicated at 12a, as previously stated, tends tobuild up in advance of the gap G-l, to a level such as that indicated bythe dotted line 49, or even higher, that would normally continue toclosely adjacent the lower surface of the roll 26. The level 49 willdepend in part upon the speed of travel of the main forming wire 11, thecomposition of the stock furnish and other factors that have an effectupon the permeability of the Web W at this point to the water tending todrain by gravity through the web W and the active forming wire run 11a.Whatever the cause, the tendency is for the level 49 to rise above thetop of the gap G-1 and to form a pond P upstream therefrom. The pond Psometimes runs back almost as far as the feed box 10a. Due to stagnantareas U in the pond -P, .and possibly other causes, including thebackward flow of stock from the forming wire 25 just ahead of the gapG-ll, there is a tendency to build up agglomeration of fibers in thepond and these are liable to cause a clotted fiber formation in thefinished paper or paperboard.

All of these difliculties and troubles can be largely or whollyeliminated by properly adjusting the stock removal device 40, which ispreferably adjusted while the machine is operating. The lower mouth 48of the extension 47 limits the height of the pond P. It is usually foundpreferable to permit a small pond to remain at the entrance to the gapG1 because this insures that suflicient stock passes into said gap toprovide a webof the consistency and thickness desired. Thus, the device40 is set so that its mouth 48 is at the highest depth desired for thepond. A typical upper level for the stream of stock is indicated by thedotted line 50 in FIGURE 2.

The excess of stock over that required to provide the web is drawn offby the device 40 and is returned to the stock box for reuse, or to someprior part of the machine for redelivery to the stock box.

Downstream of the mouth, or entrance to the gap G-l, the lower activerun 25a of the top forming wire 25 is inclined gradually downwardlytoward the active run 11a of the main forming wire 11, until said activerun 25a reaches a scraper board, or doctor 51, forming a part of thede-watering device 30a. Said doctor 51 is preferably a thin board thatinclines upwardly and downstream from its lower wire-engaging straightedge 52. Water, usually termed white water, from the stock between theconvergent runs 25:: and 11a, as a result of the hydraulic head andforward momentum of the stock, passes through the otherwise confiningportion of the active run of wire 25a and is swept towards and picked upfrom the upper side of said wire by the inclined doctor 51. The majorityof the water, however, passes through the run 25a at the position wheresaid run passes beneath the edge 52 of the doctor 51, so that aninstantaneous formation takes place at said edge. The water so picked upis discharged into a collecting trough 53. The trough is connected byone or more pipes 54, usually through a pump (not shown) back to thehead box a, or to a stock chest in advance of the machine for the returnof the white water for reuse in the web making process. Simultaneouslywith the de-watering of the stock that has just been described, there isa certain amount of drainage by gravity of the water from the stockthrough the active run 11a of the main forming wire as the wire passesover the table rolls 15a. When the stock passes downstream of theposition represented by the straight edge 52, the upper layer issubstantially dewatered to form a well defined web in which the fibersare felted and interlocked much to the same extent as in the finalboard, but without any distinct planes of separation between the stratasuch that delamination can be easily effected. In other words, the webis relatively uniform and of an integral character. It will be seen thatthe straight edge 52 lies over an unsupported port-ion of thecooperating active runs 11a and 25a of the wire. After passing fromunder the straight edge 52, the cooperating runs of wire pass over aroll 80a, which is similar to the corresponding one of the lower rolls80, and thence into the second group of rolls 17a, 80a. As the activewire run-s 11a and 25a pass respectively beyond the couch roll 14 andthe end roll 27 on their return runs, the now-unsupported web W is readyfor delivery to the first press section of the board making machine orto another main forming wire constituting a portion of a furtherweb-building section similar to the section 1%, 2 5, 40 alreadydescribed.

In FIGURE 3, wherein similar elements of the machine are designated bythe same reference numerals as in FIG- URES 1 and 2, a suction conduit60, instead of being supported froma wall of a head box as was thesuction conduit 41, is supported from a non-rotating stub shaft 61coaxial with the axis of the roll 26. Bracket arms 62, having at theirinner ends split clamping portions 63 and bolt tightening means 64 andhaving at their free ends conduit engaging portions 65, serve to supportsaid conduit 60 for adjustment about the stubshaft as a pivot point.Since said conduit is formed with a downwardly extending arcuate portion66 closely spaced from and conforming generally in curvature to thesurface of the roll 26, any adjustment of said conduit results in theraising or lowering of its open end 67 without appreciably changing thespatial relationship between said open end and the surface of the roll26. As before, the conduit 60 is connected to a source of suction (notshown) to draw off stock from the pond P immediately ahead of the mouthof the gap G-2 to maintain the predetermined optimum level 50.

In FIGURE 4, a pair of stationary deckle boards '70 having apertures 71in horizontal alignment at the optimum pond level serve to maintain thedesired level 50 at the gap G-3. Preferably the apertures 71 are in openflow communication with a suction manifold 72 for aiding in withdrawingstock laterally from the pond P and maintaining the height thereof atthe optimum level 50.

FIGURES 6 and 7 illustrate another embodiment of my invention in which aslice or scraper is directed towards the head box 10a so that it acts toskim off stock in a pond above a predetermined height. In this case theslice comprises a plate-like member 81 extending across the wire 11ahaving an upstanding wall 82 that is curved transversely so as todeflect surplus stock to each side of the wire 11a, where it iscollected for reuse.

By the use of any of the foregoing embodiments, the improved resultspreviously referred to can be realized. By way of example, when thepaper making machine is operated at between 150 and 400 per min., it ispossible when a mechanical, or ground wood pulp is used, by forcing morestock on to the wire, to obtain up to a maximum of 50% increase in basisweight over that obtainable without the use of my stock-removalattachment.

By the use of my invention, the operating range of a normal machine ofthis type may be extended by allowing boards of higher basis weights tobe produced, by improving formation, by permitting the machine tooperate at lower speeds and permitting lower consistencies of stock tobe used. These improvements may be obtained either individually or incombination.

For example, boards whose basis weight is 50% more than those previouslymanufactured, have been produced; speeds as low as per min. have beensuccessfully used, and the lowest limit is not yet known; stockconsistencies of 0.2% have been used; and in all these examples a widerange of furnishes have been employed.

In the particular form of machine illustrated, no mechanism similar tothe mechanism 40 is shown between the head box 10 and the gap G., i.e.at the first forming section, but it is to be understood that under somecircumstances of speed and stock consistencies a pond may build up toohigh at the gap G and in this case a mechanism 40 will be arranged tooperate at said gap.

Reference is made to the Thomas et al. Patent No. 2,821,120 for ashowing of the general arrangement and operation of machines to whichthis improvement relates. Conventional driving mechanisms (not hereshown) are used in the operation of such machines, acting through thedriven elements thereof, such as the couch rolls and other rolls, todrive the active runs of the upper and lower forming wires in the samedirection and at the same rate of speed.

From the foregoing, it will be understood that modifications andvariations may be effected without departing from the novel concepts ofthis invention.

I claim as my invention:

1. In an endless web making machine including a main forming wire havingan active upper run, a plurality of stock inlets at longitudinallyspaced intervals along said upper run to supply stock thereto, a topwire for each of said inlets having an active bottom run startingadjacent the corresponding inlet and converging toward said main formingwire downstream from said inlet, means at said downstream position forpressing said converging active runs of said Wires towards each otherthereby forming a gap of progressively decreasing height and squeezingstock therein, and means for driving said wires so that their respectiveconverging active runs travel in the same direction, the improvementwhich comprises means positioned upstream of said gap and extendingthereinto for limiting the height of stock immediately ahead of thestarting point of at least one of said active bottom runs by the removalof stock in advance of the corresponding gap.

2. In an endless web making machine including a main forming wire havingan active upper run for receiving stock thereon for drainagetherethrough, a plurality of stock inlets at longitudinally spacedintervals along said upper run, a roll downstream from one stock inletother than the first mounted for rotation in vertically spaced relationto said active upper run, a top wire trained around each said roll toprovide an active lower run of wire converging toward said main formingwire active run downstream of said rolls, means at said downstreamposition for pressing the respective portions of said active runstowards each other thereby forming a convergent gap between saidportions for receiving stock and squeezing the stock therebetween tode-water same, and means for driving said active wire runs in the samedirection and at the same speed, the improvement which comprises a pairof deckle boards having longitudinally spaced apertures at about thelevel of said maximum height for removing stock from above said mainforming wire ahead of at least one of said convergent gaps butdownstream of its stock inlet to maintain the level of the remainingstock at a predetermined maximum height at the entrance to said gap.

3. In an endless web making machine including a main forming wire havingan active upper run, a stock inlet to supply stock to said upper run, atop wire having an active bottom run converging toward said main formingwire downstream from said inlet to form a stock-filled gap ofprogressively decreasing height downstream, means for driving said Wiresso that their respective converging active runs travel in the samedirection and means pressing the respective converging active runs ofsaid wires toward each other to squeeze the stock therebetween, theimprovement which comprises means upstream of said gap and extendinginto said gap for limiting the height of stock immediately ahead of thestarting point of said active bottom run by the removal of stock inadvance of the stock-filled gap.

4. An endless web making machine as defined by claim 3 wherein saidheight-limiting means is a suction device having a stock-removingopening positioned immediately ahead of said gap and at approximatelythe predetermined maximum height level of the stock that is to bemaintained above said main forming wire.

5. An endless web making machine as defined by claim 3, wherein saidheight-limiting means comprises a suction conduit extending the fullwidth of the main forming wire and spaced thereabove and in advance ofsaid corresponding gap and having a stock-removing portion extendingtoward said corresponding gap and having an opening at a pointapproximately that of the predetermined height level of stock that is tobe maintained in advance of said gap.

6. An endless web making machine as defined by claim 3, wherein saidstock removal means comprises stationary apertured deckle boardsproviding a plurality of said fluid receiving openings.

7. In a method of making a fibrous web which includes advancing an opentop layer of stock into the mouth of a converging gap between a topforming wire and a bottom forming wire, advancing the forming wires withthe stock therebetween and squeezing said wires toward each other tode-water said stock and form said stock into a web, the improvementwhich comprises the steps of delivering stock in excess of that requiredto make the web and controlling the height of said open top layer ofstock immediately in advance of said converging gap by the removal ofstock from within the gap itself.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,662,226 3/1928Witham 162-344 1,818,777 8/1931 Aldrich et al. 162345 1,889,819 12/1932Berry 162345 2,193,032 3/1940 Mackenzie 162-337 2,821,120 1/1958 Thomaset a1. 162300 2,881,676 4/1959 Thomas 162-203 DONALL H. SYLVESTER,Primary Examiner.

J. H. NEWSOME, Assistant Examiner.

1. IN AN ENDLESS WEB MAKING MACHINE INCLUDING A MAIN FORMING WIRE HAVINGAN ACTIVE UPPER RUN, A PLURALITY OF STOCK INLETS AT LONGITUDINALLYSPACED INTERVALS ALONG SaID UPPER RUN TO SUPPLY STOCK THERETO, A TOPWIRE FOR EACH OF SAID INLETS HAVING AN ACTIVE BOTTOM RUN STARTINGADJACENT THE CORRESPONDING INLET AND CONVERGING TOWARD SAID MAIN FORMINGWIRE DOWNSTREAM FROM SAID INLET, MEANS AT SAID DOWNSTREAM POSITION FORPRESSING SAID CONVERGING ACTIVE RUNS OF SAID WIRES TOWARDS EACH OTHERTHEREBY FORMING A GAP OF PROGRESSIVELY DRIVING SAID WIRES SQUEEZINGSTOCK THEREIN, AND SAID MEANS FOR DRIVING SAID WIRES SO THAT THEIRRESPECTIVE CONVERGING ACTIVE RUNS TRAVEL IN THE SAME DIRECTION, THEIMPROVEMENT WHICH COMPRISES MEANS POSITIONED UPSTREAM OF SAID GAP ANDEXTENDING THEREINTO FOR LIMITING THE HEIGHT OF STOCK IMMEDIATELY AHEADOF THE STARTING POINT OF AT LEAST ONE OF SAID ACTIVE BOTTOM RUNS BY THEREMOVAL OF STOCK IN ADVANCE OF THE CORRERSPONDING GAP.
 7. IN A METHOD OFMAKING A FIBROUS WEB WHICH INCLUDES ADVANCING AN OPEN TOP LAYER OF STOCKINTO THE MOUTH OF A CONVERGING GAP BETWEEN A TOP FORMING WIRE WITHBOTTOM FORMING WIRE, ADVANCING THE FORMING WIRES WITH THE STOCKTHEREBETWEEN AND SQUEEZING SAID WIRES TOWARD EACH OTHER TO DE-WATER SAIDSTOCK AND FORM SAID STOCK INTO A WEB, THE IMPROVEMENT WHICH COMPRISESTHE STEPS OF DELIVERING STOCK IN EXCESS OF THAT REQUIRED TO MAKE THE WEBAND CONTROLLING THE HEIGHTOF SAID OPEN TOP LAYER OF STOCK IMMEDIATELY INADVANCE OF SAID CONVERGING GAP BY THE REMOVAL OF STOCK FROM WITHIN THEGAP INSELF.